The Trainable Model of Memorization of Movement Sequence Based on Heteroassociative Neural Network

V. A. Lyakhovetskii ; A. S. Potapov ; E. V. Bobrova ; I. N. Bogacheva

Matematičeskaâ biologiâ i bioinformatika, Tome 8 (2013) no. 2, pp. 665-678.

Résumé

The bidirectional heteroassociative neural network model is developed on the basis of psychophysical experiments studying processes of memorization of the hand movements’ sequence. The model qualitatively reproduces the different characteristics of human errors. The learning processes are simulated with the help of QLBAM algorithm. The revealed different classes of human errors — repetitive and other errors have different timing characteristics. They are associated apparently with different stages of the process of sequence learning. The changes of different types of model errors during training and the number of iterations required to the model for transition to a stable state are similar to the such changes in the quantities of psychophysical experiments. It is assumed that the effect of keeping the repeated errors in psychophysical experiments can be interpreted in the model as the preservation of network false attractor in memorizing. Simulating of learning at memorization using QLBAM algorithm allows to reproduce the reduction of non-repeated errors that was demonstrated in psychophysical experiments. Thus, at the first stage the linear algorithm, forming a symmetrical matrix having a lower capacity, is used. At the second stage the QLBAM algorithm iteratively solving nonlinear optimization problem, producing an asymmetric matrix of greater capacity, is used. It can be assumed that these stages reflect the processes of human memorization of movements sequences in working and long-term memory.

Bibliographie

[1] Anderson J. A., Silverstein J. W., Ritz S. A., Jones R. S., “Distinctive features, categorical perception, and probability learning: some applications of a neural model”, Psychological Review, 34:5 (1977), 413–451 | DOI

[2] Grossberg S., Behavioral contrast in short-term memory: serial binary memory models or parallel continuous memory models?, J. Math. Psychol., 17 (1978), 199–219 | DOI

[3] Farrell S., Lewandowsky S., “An endogenous model of ordering in serial recall”, Psychonom. Bull. Rev., 2002, no. 9, 59–79 | DOI

[4] Ratcliff R., “Connectionist models of recognition memory: constraints imposed by learning and forgetting functions”, Psychological Review, 97 (1990), 285–308 | DOI

[5] Kosko B., “Bidirectional associative memories”, IEEE Trans. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 18 (1988), 49–60 | DOI | MR

[6] Wang Y. F., Cruz J. B. Jr., Mulligan J. H. Jr., “Two coding strategies for bidirectional associative memory”, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 1:1 (1990), 81–92 | DOI

[7] Oh H., Kothari S. C., “A Pseudo-relaxation learning algorithm for bidirectional associative memory”, International J. of Computing, Communications and Networking, 2 (1992), 208–213

[8] Hattori M., Hagiwara M., Nakagawa M., “Quick learning for biderectional associative memory”, Proc. World Congress on Neural Networks, v. 2, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hills Dale, NJ, 1993, 297–300

[9] Sheng D., Cruz J. B. Jr., “Encoding strategy for maximum noise tolerance bidirectional associative memory”, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 16:2 (2005), 293–300 | DOI

[10] Pelevin V. O., Ananasnaya voda dlya prekrasnoi damy, Eksmo, M., 2011

[11] Lyakhovetskii V. A., Bobrova E. V., “Vosproizvedenie zapomnennoi posledovatelnosti dvizhenii pravoi i levoi ruki: pozitsionnoe i vektornoe kodirovanie”, Zhurnal vysshei nervnoi deyatelnosti, 59:1 (2009), 45–54 | MR | Zbl

[12] Grafton S. T., Hazeltine E., Ivry R. B., “Abstract and effector-specific representations of motor sequences identified with PET”, J. Neurosci., 18:22 (1998), 9420–9428

[13] Haaland K. Y., Prestopnik J., Knight R. T., Lee R. R., “Hemispheric asymmetries for kinematic and positional aspects of reaching”, Brain, 127 (2004), 1145–1158 | DOI

[14] Bobrova E. V., Lyakhovetskii V. A., Borschevskaya E. R., “Rol «predystorii» v vosproizvedenii posledovatelnostei dvizhenii pravoi ili levoi ruki: kodirovanie polozhenii, dvizhenii, struktury elementov posledovatelnosti”, Zhurnal vysshei nervnoi deyatelnosti, 61:5 (2011), 565–572

[15] Bobrova E. V., Lyakhovetskii V. A., Skopin G. N., “Obuchenie vosproizvedeniyu sluchainykh posledovatelnostei dvizhenii pravoi i levoi ruki: kodirovanie polozhenii i dvizhenii”, Zhurnal vysshei nervnoi deyatelnosti, 62:4 (2012), 422–430

[16] Lyakhovetskii V. A., Potapov A. S., “Dinamicheskie kharakteristiki neirosetevoi modeli prostranstvennoi pamyati”, Nauchno-tekhnicheskii vestnik informatsionnykh tekhnologii, mekhaniki i optiki, 79:3 (2012), 96–100

[17] Lyakhovetskii V. A., Bobrova E. V., Skopin G. N., “Oshibki perestanovok pri obuchenii vosproizvedeniyu posledovatelnostei dvizhenii pravoi i levoi ruki: modelirovanie kodirovaniya polozhenii i dvizhenii”, Zhurnal vysshei nervnoi deyatelnosti, 62:6 (2012), 681–691

[18] Oldfield R. C., “The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory”, Neuropsychologia, 9 (1971), 97–113 | DOI

[19] Bock O., Arnold K., “Error accumulation and error correction in sequential pointing movements”, Exp. Brain Res., 95 (1993), 111–117 | DOI

[20] Berkinblit M. B., Fookson O. I., Smetanin B., Adamovich S. V., Poizner H., “The interaction of visual and proprioreceptive inputs in pointing to actual and remembered targets”, Exp. Brain Res., 107:2 (1995), 326–330 | DOI

[21] Lacquaniti F., Guigon E., Bianchi L., Ferraina S., Caminiti R., “Representing spatial information for limb movement: role of area 5 in the monkey”, Cereb Cortex, 5 (1995), 391–409 | DOI

[22] Xu Z.-B., Leung Y., He X.-W., “Asymmetric bidirectional associative memories”, IEEE Trans. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 24 (1994), 1559–1564

[23] Allakhverdov V. M., Metodologicheskoe puteshestvie po okeanu bessoznatelnogo k tainstvennomu ostrovu soznaniya, Rech, SPb., 2003, 368 pp.

[24] Rabbit P., “An elementary preliminary taxonomy for some errors in laboratory choice RT-tasks”, Acta Psychologica, 33 (1970), 56–76 | DOI

[25] Ratcliff R., van Zandt T., McKoon G., “Connectionist and diffusion models of reaction time”, Psychological Review, 106:2 (1999), 261–300 | DOI

[26] Ratcliff R., “A theory of memory retrieval”, Psychological Review, 85:2 (1978), 59–108 | DOI

[27] Ratcliff R., “Continuous versus discrete information processing: Modeling the accumulation of partial information”, Psychological Review, 95 (1988), 238–255 | DOI

[28] Bobrova E. V., Lyakhovetskii V. A., Bogacheva I. N., “Posledovatelnosti dvizhenii pravoi i levoi ruki pri dlitelnom i kratkovremennom zapominanii”, Neironauka dlya meditsiny i psikhologii, Devyatyi mezhdunarodnyi mezhdistsiplinarnyi kongress (Sudak, Ukraina, 3–13 iyunya 2013 g.), 2013, 84–85